{"id":67145,"date":"2021-02-25T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-25T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/?p=67145"},"modified":"2021-02-18T10:51:53","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T02:51:53","slug":"%e4%bd%8e%e5%8a%9f%e8%80%97%e3%80%81%e9%ab%98%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%ef%bc%9a%e8%a9%95%e4%bc%b0%e9%81%a0%e8%b7%9d%e5%bb%a3%e5%9f%9f%e7%b6%b2%e8%b7%af-lorawan-%e8%a3%9d%e7%bd%ae%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e9%9d%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/?p=67145","title":{"rendered":"\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u3001\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a\u8a55\u4f30\u9060\u8ddd\u5ee3\u57df\u7db2\u8def (LoRaWAN) \u88dd\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u653b\u64ca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9060\u8ddd\u5ee3\u57df\u7db2\u8def (Long Range Wide Area Network\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 LoRaWAN) \u88dd\u7f6e\u6210\u70ba\u99ed\u5ba2\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u8c61\u5df2\u6709\u597d\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e LoRaWAN \u88dd\u7f6e\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5982\u4f55\u906d\u5230\u60e1\u610f\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4e26\u6aa2\u8996\u4e00\u4e0b LoRaWAN \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/content\/dam\/trendmicro\/global\/en\/research\/21\/a\/low-powered-but-high-risk-evaluating-possible-attacks-on-lorawan-devices\/LoraWAN.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8ad6\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u5ee0\u623f\u6216\u9023\u7db2\u8fb2\u696d\u5712\u5340\u90fd\u56e0<ins><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/?p=8802\">\u7269\u806f\u7db2\uff08IoT ,Internet of Thing<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/?p=8802\">\uff09<\/a><\/ins>\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u71df\u904b\u8207\u907c\u95ca\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5e36\u4f86\u9806\u66a2\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4f01\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u5404\u7a2e\u65e2\u7d93\u6fdf\u53c8\u80fd\u64f4\u5927 IoT \u90e8\u7f72\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u800c &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semtech.com\/lora\/what-is-lora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LoRa (\u9060\u8ddd) \u901a\u8a0a\u5354\u5b9a<\/a>\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u8b93\u4f01\u696d\u5c07\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684 IoT \u88dd\u7f6e\u900f\u904e\u7121\u7dda\u65b9\u5f0f\u9023\u4e0a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/lora-alliance.org\/about-lorawan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9060\u8ddd\u5ee3\u57df\u7db2\u8def (LoRaWAN)<\/a>&nbsp; \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u63a1\u7528 LoRa \u901a\u8a0a\u5354\u5b9a\u7684\u7121\u7dda\u5c04\u983b\u6280\u8853\u3002 LoRaWAN \u80fd\u8b93\u907c\u95ca\u5206\u6563\u5404\u5340\u57df\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u7d93\u7531\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u6ce2\u9023\u4e0a\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u3002\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u6c23\u8c61\/\u8ffd\u8e64\u76e3\u63a7\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u3001\u8cc7\u7522\u8a2d\u5099\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u6eab\u63a7\u7b49\u7b49\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>LoRaWAN \u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u70ba\u60f3\u8981\u90e8\u7f72 IoT \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u6bd4\u73fe\u6709\u8702\u5de2\u5f0f\u884c\u52d5\u7db2\u8def\u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u66f4\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u5168\u7403\u8a31\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u5df2\u63a1\u7528 LoRaWAN \u6280\u8853\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u6c34\u96fb\u516c\u5171\u5efa\u8a2d\u8207\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u666e\u904d\uff1a\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u65e9\u5728 2016 \u5e74\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u9f13\u52f5\u6c11\u9593\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c0e\u5165 LoRa \u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u53f0\u5357\u5e02\u4e5f\u5728\u5169\u5e74\u591a\u524d\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 LoRaWAN \u88dd\u7f6e\u4f86\u76e3\u63a7\u5783\u573e\u8eca\u53ca\u6cb3\u5ddd\u6c34\u4f4d\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u5c07 LoRaWAN \u61c9\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6c34\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u751f\u9bae\u98df\u54c1\u904b\u9001\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8ffd\u8e64\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u30022019 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u9818\u5148\u7684\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9\u4f9b\u61c9\u5546\u9a30\u8a0a (Tencent) \u8207 The Things Network \u5408\u4f5c<a href=\"https:\/\/thethingsindustries.pr.co\/170897-tencent-launches-the-things-network-china-to-expand-the-global-lorawan-network-and-developer-ecosystem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u62d3\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u7684 LoRaWAN \u751f\u614b\u7cfb<\/a>\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u65bc 2020 \u5e74\u64a5\u4e86\u4e00\u7b46\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smartcitiesworld.net\/news\/news\/lorawan-to-go-nationwide-in-the-uk-5964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LoRaWAN \u7db2\u8def\u8207\u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb<\/a>\u672a\u4f86\u80fd\u5728\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5927\u81f3\u5168\u570b\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u8a31\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88dd LoRaWAN <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smart-energy.com\/industry-sectors\/smart-water\/deal-signed-for-lorawan-enabled-digital-meter-for-german-utilities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6578\u4f4d\u6c34\u8868<\/a>&nbsp;\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u5c08\u9580\u63a8\u5ee3 LoRaWAN \u6280\u8853\u4e26\u7531\u5168\u7403 500 \u591a\u5bb6\u4f01\u696d\u5171\u540c\u53c3\u8207\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/lora-alliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LoRa Alliance<\/a> \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6709 162 \u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u5df2\u51fa\u73fe LoRaWAN \u7db2\u8def\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u6578\u5b57\u672a\u4f86\u9084\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6210\u9577\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5168\u7403\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u90fd\u7d1b\u7d1b\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u537b\u4e26\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0cLoRaWAN \u88dd\u7f6e\u6210\u70ba\u99ed\u5ba2\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u8c61\u5df2\u6709\u597d\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5e7e\u8d77\u99ed\u5ba2\u5229\u7528 LoRaWAN \u88dd\u7f6e\u6f0f\u6d1e\u767c\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e26\u6aa2\u8996\u4e00\u4e0b LoRaWAN \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u73fe\u6cc1\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u91dd\u5c0d LoRaWAN \u7684\u653b\u64ca<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u63a1\u7528&nbsp; LoRaWAN \u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u5927\u591a\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u5de5\u696d\u5ee0\u623f\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u8a2d\u65bd\u3001\u6c34\u96fb\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u696d\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u90fd\u662f\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u6563\u65bc\u958b\u95ca\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4f01\u696d\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u88dd\u7f6e\u6216\u7db2\u8def\u63d0\u4f9b\u59a5\u5584\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u8b77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cLoRaWAN \u88dd\u7f6e\u4e00\u65e6\u906d\u5230\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u99ed\u5ba2\u7528\u4f86\u653b\u64ca\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f5c\u696d\u505c\u9813\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u5916\u6d29\uff0c\u6216\u8cc7\u8a0a\u906d\u5230\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u667a\u6167\u6c34\u8868\u8207\u7db2\u8def\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u901a\u8a0a\u906d\u5230\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u99ed\u5ba2\u5c31\u80fd\u7be1\u6539\u6c34\u8868\u7684\u6578\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u5982\u679c\u906d\u5230\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u5f71\u97ff\u884c\u8eca\u5b89\u5168\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ABP \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u963b\u65b7\u670d\u52d9 (DoS) \u653b\u64ca<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u8377\u862d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6709\u95dc\u591a\u8d77 LoRaWAN \u653b\u64ca\u7684<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8366983\/authors#authors\" target=\"_blank\">\u5831\u544a<\/a>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8d77\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u662f LoRa 1.0 \u7576\u4e2d\u7684 FRMPayload \u8a08\u6578\u5668\u6578\u503c\u9577\u5ea6\u50c5\u6709 16 \u4f4d\u5143\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u793a\u7bc4\uff0c\u99ed\u5ba2\u53ef\u80fd\u56de\u653e (replay) \u4e00\u500b\u9810\u5148\u64f7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u7b49\u5019\u8a72\u8a08\u6578\u5668\u6ea2\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u56de\u653e\u6b64\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u963b\u65b7\u670d\u52d9 (DoS) \u653b\u64ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/content\/dam\/trendmicro\/global\/en\/research\/21\/a\/low-powered-but-high-risk-evaluating-possible-attacks-on-lorawan-devices\/fig-6-01.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 1. An example of a replay attack for ABP \"\/><figcaption><br>\u5716 1\uff1aABP \u6a21\u5f0f\u5c01\u5305\u56de\u653e\u653b\u64ca\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u975e\u7d93\u904e\u624b\u52d5\u8b8a\u66f4\u6216\u97cc\u9ad4\u66f4\u65b0\/\u5347\u7d1a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u9023\u7dda\u968e\u6bb5\u91d1\u9470\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u7dad\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002LoRaWAN \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8b93\u88dd\u7f6e\u52a0\u5165\u7db2\u8def\uff1aOver the Air Activation (\u7a7a\u4e2d\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 OTAA) \u6216 Activation by Personalization (\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u555f\u7528\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 ABP)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cABP \u6bd4 OTAA \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u52a0\u5bc6\u5206\u6790\u653b\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4f4d\u5143\u7ffb\u8f49 (Bit-Flipping)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u7248\u672c\u7684 LoRaWAN\uff0c\u5176\u8a0a\u606f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u9760 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thethingsnetwork.org\/docs\/lorawan\/security.html#:~:text=This%20key%20is%20used%20to,%2C%20LoRaWAN%20uses%20AES%2DCMAC.&amp;text=These%20two%20session%20keys%20(%20NwkSKey,unique%20per%20device%2C%20per%20session.\" target=\"_blank\">Message Integrity Code (\u8a0a\u606f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4ee3\u78bc\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 MIC)<\/a> \u4f86\u9632\u6b62\u8a0a\u606f\u906d\u5230\u84c4\u610f\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8a0a\u606f\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5c07\u5b83\u89e3\u5bc6\u518d\u50b3\u9001\u81f3\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u537b\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/content\/dam\/trendmicro\/global\/en\/research\/21\/a\/low-powered-but-high-risk-evaluating-possible-attacks-on-lorawan-devices\/fig-7-01.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 2. The setup of a bit-flipping attack, according to researchers from the Netherlands\"\/><figcaption>\u5716 2\uff1a\u8377\u862d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4f4d\u5143\u7ffb\u8f49\u653b\u64ca\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u901a\u8a0a\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a0a\u606f\u6703\u63d0\u65e9\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a0a\u606f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u8b93\u7db2\u8def\u4f7f\u7528 SSL \u901a\u9053 (\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6236\u7aef SSL \u6191\u8b49) \u6216\u5728 MAC \u5c64\u916c\u8f09\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7531 AppSKey \u904b\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684 MIC \u6b04\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5047\u5192 ACK \u78ba\u8a8d\u5c01\u5305 (ACK Spoofing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u70ba\u4e86\u5ef6\u9577\u96fb\u6c60\u7e8c\u822a\u529b\uff0cLoRaWAN \u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u78ba\u8a8d (ACK) \u6a5f\u5236\u4f86\u7e2e\u77ed\u7121\u7dda\u5c04\u983b\u958b\u555f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u4f46\u6839\u64da Xueying Yang\u3001Evgenios Karampatzakis\u3001Christian Doerr \u53ca Fernando Kuiper \u5728\u4e00\u4efd&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8366983\/authors#authors\" target=\"_blank\">\u5831\u544a<\/a>\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0cACK \u8a0a\u606f\u4e26\u6c92\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u6240\u78ba\u8a8d\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/content\/dam\/trendmicro\/global\/en\/research\/21\/a\/low-powered-but-high-risk-evaluating-possible-attacks-on-lorawan-devices\/fig-8-01.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 3. ACK messages may be repurposed to acknowledge frames other than those the application provider originally received \"\/><figcaption>\u5716 3\uff1aACK \u8a0a\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u8207\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f9b\u61c9\u5546\u539f\u5148\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u793a\u7bc4\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u7d42\u7aef\u88dd\u7f6e\u767c\u9001\u4e00\u500b\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\u7d66\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u9598\u9053\u6642\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u5730\u5e72\u64fe (jam) \u4e0b\u884c (downlink) \u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7d42\u7aef\u88dd\u7f6e\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u56de\u50b3\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u6703\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u50b3\u9001\u4e03\u6b21\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u5b83\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a0a\u606f\u5df2\u7d93\u907a\u5931\u6216\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u300cmac_err\u300d\u72c0\u614b\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8a0a\u865f\u5e72\u64fe\u7684\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u99ed\u5ba2\u537b\u80fd\u64f7\u53d6\u4e0b\u884c\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5f8c\u7576\u7d42\u7aef\u88dd\u7f6e\u767c\u9001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\u6642\uff0c\u56de\u653e\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u78ba\u8a8d\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LoRa Class B \u653b\u64ca<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578&nbsp; LoRaWAN \u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u662f\u63a1\u7528 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/lora-developers.semtech.com\/library\/tech-papers-and-guides\/lorawan-class-a-devices\/\" target=\"_blank\">Class A<\/a>&nbsp; \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u5fc5\u9808\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u96a8\u5728\u4e0a\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/lora-developers.semtech.com\/library\/tech-papers-and-guides\/lorawan-class-b-devices\/#:~:text=Class%20A%20devices%20can%20send,a%20downlink%20to%20the%20device.\" target=\"_blank\">Class B<\/a> \u5247\u70ba\u4e86\u7701\u96fb\uff0c\u6703\u5b9a\u671f\u559a\u9192\u7d42\u7aef\u88dd\u7f6e\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u8a0a\u671f\u9593 (receiving time window) \u63a5\u6536\u8a0a\u606f\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6536\u8a0a\u671f\u9593\u7684\u9577\u77ed\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4fe1\u6a19 (beacon) \u5ee3\u64ad\u8a0a\u606f\u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u500b PHY \u5c64\u6a19\u982d\uff0c\u518d\u8ddf\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u4fe1\u6a19\u916c\u8f09 (beacon payload)\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/lora-alliance.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-07\/lorawan1.0.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/content\/dam\/trendmicro\/global\/en\/research\/21\/a\/low-powered-but-high-risk-evaluating-possible-attacks-on-lorawan-devices\/lorawan4.png\" alt=\"Figure 4. Beacon frame content for the EU 863- 870MHz ISM band \"\/><figcaption>\u5716 4\uff1aEU 863- 870MHz ISM \u983b\u5e36\u4fe1\u6a19\u8a0a\u6846 (beacon frame) \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u99ed\u5ba2\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u60e1\u610f\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u8f15\u6613\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5df2\u77e5\u6b04\u4f4d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9054\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u627e\u51fa LoRa \u9598\u9053\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e (\u85c9\u7531 GwSpecific \u6b04\u4f4d\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u542b GPS \u5ea7\u6a19\u7684 InfoDesc \u5b50\u6b04\u4f4d)\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u767c\u9001\u5167\u542b\u6975\u7aef\u559a\u9192\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7279\u88fd\u4fe1\u6a19\u8a0a\u6846\u4f86\u6d88\u8017\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u96fb\u6c60\u3002<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5831\u544a (\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u7531 Frank Hessel\u3001Lars Almon \u8207 Flor \u00c1lvarez \u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2005.11555.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LoRaWAN \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u5831\u544a<\/a>&nbsp;) \u548c LoRaWAN v1.1 \u898f\u683c\uff0c\u4fe1\u6a19\u8a0a\u6846\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u662f\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528 MIC \u800c\u975e CRC \u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u6642\u9593\u6b04\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e3b\u91d1\u9470 (root key) \u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u6a5f\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u91d1\u9470\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u3002<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/lora-alliance.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-05\/lorawan_security-faq1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u4e3b\u91d1\u9470 (root key)<\/a> \u7528\u65bc OTAA \u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u8a72\u91d1\u9470\u7528\u4f86\u5728 OTAA \u88dd\u7f6e\u52a0\u5165\u7db2\u8def (\u57f7\u884c Join Procedure) \u6642\u6f14\u7b97\u51fa\u9023\u7dda\u968e\u6bb5\u91d1\u9470 (session key)\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u5f8c\u7aef\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6b79\u5f92\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f31\u9ede\u548c\u6f0f\u6d1e (LFI\u3001SQL \u8cc7\u6599\u96b1\u78bc\u653b\u64ca\u3001\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7b49\u7b49) \u4f86\u53d6\u5f97\u6a5f\u5bc6\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3001\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e0b\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u7bc4\u9019\u985e\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f LoRaWAN \u74b0\u5883\u61c9\u843d\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6aa2\u6838\u9805\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u96a8\u6a5f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u91d1\u9470\u7ba1\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u5916 (\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u5f9e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u5b58\u53d6\u91d1\u9470\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52d9)\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u786c\u9ad4\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u7d44 (HSM) \u4f86\u4fdd\u7ba1\u91d1\u9470\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528 OTAA \u6a21\u5f0f\u8207 LoRa 1.1 \u7248\u3002<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LoRaWAN \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u73fe\u6cc1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br>2020 \u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d LoRaWAN \u6280\u8853\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u8cc7\u5b89\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u8aaa\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002IOActive \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba LAF \u7684\u67b6\u69cb (LoRaWAN Auditing Framework)\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u89e3\u8b6f\u3001\u767c\u9001\u3001\u88fd\u4f5c\u3001\u5206\u6790 LoRaWAN \u5c01\u5305\u4e26\u7a3d\u6838\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7528\u4f86\u7834\u89e3\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u5f37\u5ea6\/\u9810\u8a2d\u91d1\u9470\u7684 LoRaWAN \u5c01\u5305\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u9084\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/act-on.ioactive.com\/acton\/attachment\/34793\/f-87b45f5f-f181-44fc-82a8-8e53c501dc4e\/1\/-\/-\/-\/-\/LoRaWAN%20Networks%20Susceptible%20to%20Hacking.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u63a2\u8a0e LoRaWAN 1.0.3 \u653b\u64ca\u624b\u6cd5\u7684\u5831\u544a<\/a>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u8a72\u67b6\u69cb\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u5c1a\u5f85\u514b\u670d\uff1a&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u5b83\u53ea\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u9598\u9053\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u6536\u807d\u4e0a\u884c\u5c01\u5305\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u6536\u807d 64 \u500b\u983b\u9053\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684 8 \u500b\u983b\u9053\u3002<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Generation \u548c Fuzzing \u7b49\u6e2c\u8a66\u6280\u5de7\u53ea\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5f48\u6027\u683c\u5f0f (\u5982 JSON) \u7684 LoRaWAN (Go) \u6709\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u671f\u9593\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u4f5c\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/act-on.ioactive.com\/acton\/attachment\/34793\/f-87b45f5f-f181-44fc-82a8-8e53c501dc4e\/1\/-\/-\/-\/-\/LoRaWAN%20Networks%20Susceptible%20to%20Hacking.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LoRa Craft<\/a>\u300d(\u8207\u300a\u53e4\u5893\u5947\u5175\u300b\u96fb\u5f71\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u540c\u540d) \u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u6514\u622a\u4f7f\u7528 Software Defined-Radio \u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e26\u88fd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528\u5c08\u70ba\u8a72\u5de5\u5177\u958b\u767c\u7684 LoRaWAN v1.0 \u8207 v1.1 Scapy \u5c64\u5c01\u5305\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u52d5\u624b\u505a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Join-Accept \u916c\u8f09\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981 MIC \u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u7834\u89e3\u4f4e\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u91d1\u9470\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53bb\u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0cSEEMOO Lab \u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2005.11555.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ChirpOTLE<\/a> \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5169\u9805\u53ef\u7834\u58de LoRaWAN \u7db2\u8def\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 LoRa class B \u7684\u6642\u9593\u504f\u79fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u7be1\u6539\u8a0a\u6846 metadata \u7684\u5047\u5192 ADR \u653b\u64ca\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4ecd\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u53ea\u9078\u5b9a\u5e7e\u500b\u9810\u8a2d\u983b\u9053\u4f86\u5c55\u793a\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u8cc7\u5b89\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5728\u958b\u767c\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u96e2\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u7684 LoRaWAN \u9632\u8b77\u4ecd\u6709\u597d\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u8def\u8981\u8d70\u3002\u5982\u6b32\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u524d\u8ff0\u7684 LoRaWAN \u653b\u64ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u8acb\u4e0b\u8f09\u9019\u4efd<a href=\"https:\/\/documents.trendmicro.com\/assets\/pdf\/The%20Current%20State%20of%20LoRaWAN%20Security.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6280\u8853\u7c21\u5831<\/a>\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u6b79\u5f92\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u7528 Software-Defined Radio (SDR) \u8207\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5728\u591a\u500b\u983b\u9053\u4e0a\u653b\u64ca\u4e0a\u884c\u53ca\u4e0b\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684 SDR \u88dd\u7f6e\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u591a\u500b\u64f4\u6563\u56e0\u5b50 (spreading factor)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u5354\u52a9\u5206\u6790 LoRa PHY \u4ee5\u53ca LoRaWAN \u7121\u7dda\u5c04\u983b\u901a\u8a0a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u8a0e\u8ad6\u786c\u9ad4\u653b\u64ca\u8207 LoRa \u7d42\u7aef\u88dd\u7f6e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u51fa\u8655\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.trendmicro.com\/en_us\/research\/21\/a\/Low-Powered-but-High-Risk-Evaluating-Possible-Attacks-on-LoRaWAN-Devices.html\">Low Powered but High Risk:Evaluating Possible Attacks on LoRaWAN Devices<\/a> \u4f5c\u8005\uff1aS\u00e9bastien Dudek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9060\u8ddd\u5ee3\u57df\u7db2\u8def (Long Range Wide Area Network\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31 LoRaWAN) \u88dd\u7f6e\u6210\u70ba\u99ed\u5ba2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[1335,156],"tags":[1599,4743,4742,2607,1283,4744],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=67145"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67150,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67145\/revisions\/67150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=67145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=67145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.trendmicro.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=67145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}